主谓一致
甘肃省永昌县四中
英语的一致关系的其中一条就是要求谓语动词与主语之间保持人称和数的一致,,问题的关键就是要弄清谁是主语,谓语与那一个词在人称和数上保持一致.
一．谓语动词用单数形式
1 表示时间，数目，距离，价格等名词复数作为主语，作为整体看时谓语动词仍用单数，如：ten pounds，five weeks ， three miles等
eg：Ten pounds is enough for such a thin book.
2 非谓语动词中的动词-ing(（即动名词）形式,不定式或者从句做主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
when we will discuss the problem hasn’t been decided yet . Smoking is bad for us.
3 以-s结尾的书，报刊，地名，组织名称或是以-ics结尾的表示学科(physics/ politics/maths/mathematics/statistics) ，以S结尾的不可数名词做主语的时候，谓语动词用单数形式。
Mathematics is the language of science.
The United States was founded in 1776.
The United Nations was founded in 1945.
The New York Times sells well in the USA.
Roots was a book about a slave family.
The news is a shock to them.
４ 在下列短语中，虽然有and连接，但仍然视为单数：each…and each…，every…and every…，no…and no …,many a…and many a...或者虽有and 连接，但表示同一人或物，谓语动词用单数。
Every boy and every girl in our class likes the pop star.
The writer and teacher is coming.
Many a worker and engineer has succeeded in the experiment.
Many a boy (and many a girl ) i s very glad.
No boy and no girl wants to serve the people.
区别于：The writer and the teacher are coming.
下列各词常看作整体：bread and butter（黄油面包），a knife and fork（一副刀叉）， a cart and house （一辆马车）， a needle and thread（针线）
５ 不定代词eｖｅｒｙｏｎｅ／ａｎｙｏｎｅ／ｎｏ ｏｎｅ／ｅｖｅｒｙｔｈｉｎｇ／ｓｏｍｅｏｎｅ／ｓｏｍｅｂｏｄｙ／ｎｏｂｏｄｙ／／或是用ｅａｃｈ／ｅｖｅｒｙ／ｗｈｏｌｅ／ｎｅｉｔｈｅｒ／ｅｉｔｈｅｒ／ｍａｎｙ ａ／ｍｏｒｅ ｔｈａｎ ｏｎｅ＋单数名词，谓语动词用单数。
Tｈｅ ｗｈｏｌｅ ｎａｔｉｏｎ ｗａｓ ｄｅｅｐ ｉｎｔｏ ｓｏｒｒｏｗ ａｔ ｔｈｅ ｎｅｗｓ ｏｆ ｈｉｓ ｄｅａｔｈ．
Everyone is here.
Each boy has a book.
Each of us has a tape recorder.
Neither of them likes me .
More than one person was involved in the case.
6 数词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。算式中谓语动词用单复数都可以
Ten is a round number.
There times five is (are) fifteen.
7 One and a half +复数名词作主语谓语动词用单数
One and a half apples is left on the table.
二 谓语动词用复数形式
1 形容词带the 表一类人，姓氏复数加定冠词表示一家人，s结尾的海峡，瀑布，山脉与群岛(Niagara Falls尼亚加拉瀑布等），谓语用复数。
The Smiths often play with their children in their spare time
The old are taken good care of here.
The Himalyasyas are the ceiling of the world.
2 the与English/Japanese/Swiss/French /police/cattle/folk(人们，人民)等集体名词一起连用是用复数。
Look ,The cattle are eating grass in the hill.
The English have a wonderful sence of humour.
The police are running after a thief.
三 谓语动词二原则
1：坚持就前一致的的原则（就远一致）。
Together with
Along with /with
Besides/but/except/in addition to
名词 + as well as +名词+谓语动词
Including
Rather than
like （像。。。一样）
more than
accompanied by
谓语动词与前面的名词保持一致。
A teacher together with students is coming.
You rather than he are on duty.(是你在值日,而不是他.)
The teacher as well as studends was late for the meeting.
2：坚持就近一致的原则
(1) 在either A or B，not only A but also B ，neither A nor B, A or B , not A but B 结构中，
Not only you but also he is wrong.
Not only he but also you are wrong.
(2) there be 和here be句 型中
Here is a pen ,a book,two pencils and some rules.
There are some book s and a pen.
四 定语从句中的主谓一致
定语从句中关系代词如果在从句中作主语，那么定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。
（1）当先行词是one of+名词复数定语从句的 谓语动词用复数。
（2）当先行词是the only one of +名词复数时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。
五 根据具体情况考虑谓语动词的单复数
1 集体名词作主语
像army/class/family/team/party/enemy/group/government/couple/audience/（观众）crew/crowd/company/committee(委员会)等作主语时，如果指整体概念时谓语动词用单数形式。
My family isn’t large. The class is made up of forty five students.
如果指整体里的具体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。
My family are all interested in collected in collecting stamps .
2 分数，百分数以及the rest/most/half/all+of+名词作主语,谓语动词的单复数由后面的名词决定。如果of后面的名词是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数；如果后面的名词是单数或不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数。
of them have been here; the rest are arriving later.
The beginning of the book is boring , but the rest is interesting.
Seventy percent of his income goes to the rent.
60 percent of the students are from the city.
3 当some作一些讲时，跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数 ，跟不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；当作“某个”讲时，跟可数名词单数，谓语动词用单数。
Some students like playing football.
Some student is waiting for you at the school gate.
4 what/who/which在主系表结构中，谓语动词的形式要考虑表语的单复数。
what she said is of great important.
What she left are only some old books.
六 主谓一致的个别情况
1 the number of+复数名词, the amount of +不可数名词，谓语动词用单数; a number of + 复数名词, 谓语动词用复数
The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.
2 What's the amount of money?
3
A large quantity of
A variety of +可数名词复数/不可数名词，谓语动词与quantity/ variety /mass
A mass of
保持一致，用单数。
Large quantities of
Varieties of +可数名词复数/不可数名词，谓语动词与quantities/ varieties/ masses of
mases一致，用复数。
A large amount of+不可数名词，谓语动词与amount一致，用单数。
但是：Large amounts of+不可数名词，谓语动词与amounts一致，用复数。
例如：Large amounts of water have been wasted.
A large amount of water has been wasted.
3 单复数同形的词Means ，sheep,species,series ,deer，works(工厂)主要看前面的修饰词，如果被these/those/all/both / several/ten，等复数意义的词修饰，则谓语动词用复数；如果被each/every/no等单数意义的词修饰，则用单数。
Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution ,but the sky is still not clear.
This means is very useful.
One sheep is ill.
All the sheep are missing.
The glass works was set up in 1998.
These glass works are near the train station.
但是：works指“作品，著作”讲时，谓语一定用复数。
Shakespeare's works include plays and poems.
4. Population 作主语
通常情况下用单数;但是当被分数或百分数所修饰限制时，谓语动词多用复数，尤其用作主语，表语是复数形式时。
The population of China is under control.
What’s the population of China?
Eighty percent of the population of China are farmers.
5 倒装句的主谓一致
关键要分清倒装句的形式，是完全倒装，还是部分倒装
Such is our plan.
Such are his words.
On the wall are two large pictures.
6 有两个部分构成表示衣物或工具的名词作主语如trousers，Pants， shoes, clothes, glasses，scissors,compasses,chopsticks,）等谓语动词通常用复数形式，但是当前面有a pair of ，a set of , a series of , a kind of修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
My blue trousers are too long.
A pair of glasses in America costs quite a lot.
7 all，more 等词后的动词可以是单数也可以复数，这要根据它们所表达的意思而定
All is all right.（一切顺利）
All are present.（所有人都到齐了）
Here is some more.（more指不可数的东西
Here are some more.（more指可数的东西）
8 none of +复数名词做主语，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数，但是+不可数名词，谓语用单数。
None of us are(is) afraid of difficulties.
None of them have(has)arrived
None of that money on the table is mine.
但是：no one用于指人，不与of 连用，用作单数
No one tells me about that.
9 the majority 做主语，可用单数也可用复数，the majority of +复数名词，谓语动词只用复数。
The majority is (are) against the plan.
The majority of the students believe him to be innocent.